Within family similarities of processing styles were observed for ASD parent-child pairs, which were not found in control families. Eye-tracking results further revealed evidence of reduced global versus local visual processing in ASD and ASD parent groups, with the ASD group demonstrating heightened local processing, in addition to reduced global perception, and parents showing evidence of a diminished bias towards global stimuli, but without indications of heightened local processing. Within-family associations of local/global perception, and associations with ASD-related clinical and subclinical traits were also examined.Results: Significant differences emerged for performance (i.e., accuracy and/or reaction time) indices during more complex tasks in both proband and parent groups. A series of linear mixed effects models assessed ASD versus control and ASD parent versus control parent group differences. To examine local/global visual processing, performance (i.e., accuracy and reaction time) and a suite of eye-tracking variables were calculated. This study aimed to address this gap by implementing an objective measurement of local and global perception via eye tracking in ASD and their parents.Methods: Participants included 161 individuals (n=32 individuals with ASD and n=30 controls n=56 parents of individuals with ASD and n=43 control parents), who completed two interactive tasks that tap local/global visual processing, while their gaze was tracked on an eye tracker. However, prior studies of local/global visual processing in parents show mixed findings, and primarily use accuracy and reaction time measures alone, which may not confer enough specificity to capture sub-clinical differences. Visual perceptual and social attentional differences have also been documented more subtly among parents of individuals with ASD. Atypicalities in global visual processing are associated with increased ASD symptom severity, shedding light into potential cognitive mechanisms contributing to the ASD phenotype. Differences in visual perceptual styles, including a local perceptual bias (i.e., enhanced perceptual functioning theory), are also thought to underlie some aspects of the social-communicative difficulties observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and the presence of repetitive behaviors or circumscribed interests) (APA, 2013).īackground: Individuals with ASD often demonstrate a local visual processing bias, with some evidence showing concurrent impaired global processing. A reduced bias towards seeing the "big picture" (i.e., weak central coherence theory) have been related to weaker social skills, verbal and nonverbal communication, and cognition more generally (Behrmann, Thomas, & Humphreys, 2006 Burnette et al., 2005 Happe, 1999 Jarrold, Butler, Cottington, & Jimenez, 2000 Jolliffe & Baron-Cohen, 2000 Klin, Jones, Schultz, Volkmar, & Cohen, 2002 Van Eylen, Boets, Steyaert, Wagemans, & Noens, 2018). These processes in tandem support the fluid interpretation of our environment, including the complex nuances and dynamics defining social-communicative interactions. © 1970 The American Institute of Physics.Louisell, Radiation and Noise in Quantum Electronics (McGraw‐Hill Book Co., New York, 1964). Volterra, Theory of Functionals and of Integral and Integro‐Differential Equations (Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1959). Hibbs, Quantum Mechanics and Path Integrals (McGraw‐Hill Book Co., New York, 1965). Friedrichs, Mathematical Aspects of the Quantum Field Theory (Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, 1953) Google Scholar The technique of functional integration is supposed to be known. The integral in (2.2) is to be understood as a functional integral. The first order in Glauber’s terminology. (Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Inc., New York, 1965). Glauber, in Quantum Optics and Electronics, C. Parrent, Theory of Partial Coherence (Prentice‐Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1964). Yaglom, Statistical Hydrodynamics (Moscow Publishing House, Moscow, 1967) (in Russian). This takes place when the singularities of the function P() specifying the P representation are of types stronger than those of δ functions cf. Wolf, Proceedings of the Symposium on Optical Masers (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1963).
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